Theory Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theory Assignment - Essay ExampleThere will almost always be some common ground from which to work. By working from known shared meanings, it is possible to attach sunrise(prenominal) meanings and new workds by comparing either similarity or difference. Using the more visual metaphor or simile can work well in these circumstances, as long as on that point is also a clear shared understanding of meanings carries by such imagery. For example one cogency explain timidity as being afraid of small things, such as l0ooking someone else in the eye. However, in some Eastern and Asian cultures, it is the height of rudeness and a very aggressive behave to look someone else directly in the eye. The opportunities for miscommunication are many and truly competent communicators are few. II Discussing Plans for Saturday Night with my Friends Mother It was early one Saturday evening, and my friends and I were going out to refer in the downtown area near places where there were always lots of g irs. My two friends left for a few minutes to get something, and I waited. Carls mother came into the livingroom where I was waiting, and asked me about where we were going, tho she started overcompensate off by asking if we were going bird watching. She had overheard a conversation earlier between Murray, who is from the UK and Carl, her son. I did not realize that she had misunderstood, so I simply chatted with her. FM So I heard you Murray and Carl cooking to go bird watching with you tonight. Where will you do that? Me Oh right on the boardwalk. Theres flocks of them there. FM Really? At night? Me Oh you know they love the bright lights and the music. FM That music? I would approximate it would drive them away. Me Well I admit it is a tad loud, and keeps the same beat all night, but one little drink solves that whole problem. They start dancing and get more thirsty, drink a little more and pretty some they love everything. FM That sounds more like you are grooming to catch them. Me Oh no, nothing quite so crude. After all, they cant fly. FM What kinds of birds are they, Penguins or Dodos? Me Oh no, theyre just girls. Im sorry. Murrays a Brit. To him all birds are girls, doncha know? FM No, I dont. The prettiest ones are the boys. Me I stood silent for many seconds and then started to laugh. III Analysis of the Miscommunication in the Conversation and the Causes In the previous conversation, the two speakers did not share the same definition for several of the disclose words. Notably the two most important were bird and fly, which are colloquial expressions in commodious Britain meaning girl and run away. Several other parts of the conversation were ambiguous when opposite with the meanings of these two words. Drink was meant as an alcoholic beverage, but was interpreted as meaning water by the listener, because she was convinced the conversation was about the animals that have wings and fly mostly in the day time. neither participant in this conver sation were actually competent communicators, since neither one tried to establish a base of meaning before carrying on with the conversation. The use of slang

Explain new approaches in respect of how a firm could finance takeover Essay

Explain newfound approaches in respect of how a firm could finance takeover and acquisition. Identify issues with such approaches, f - analyze ExampleThe strategy adopted by each group is prepared by the management write up department through analyzing the market, shareholders and the regulatory framework within the industry. In some instances, it may be classic to obtain synergies to help analyze the financial and accounting policies applied by each of the companies merging. Although the A&M started in 1980s, the international rate of industrial nuclear fusion reactions and takeovers took place during the 1990s. However, the complexity and nature of international operations united with other complexities has sophisticated global takeovers and mergers. Mergers and acquisitions normally abbreviated as M&A refer to the bodily strategy aspect, management dealing and corporate finance that involve the selling and buying as puff up as combining and dividing of different companies aimed at assisting an enterprise grow in its location or vault of heaven or venture into a new location or field (B palpableey and Myers, 2000, p 89). Such a growth is expected to be without subsidiary, use of joint venture or child entity. Over the years, the singularity between acquisition and merger isblurred with several aspects especially economic income. Shareholders lawsuits are common in the event that a firm opts to engage financially in an acquisition or takeover and is comprehended as being part of the current market now that they are meritless. Merger lawsuits frequency has change magnitude in the recent years with their life cycle undergoing a complete change. These days, once a merger deal is closed, lawsuits are normally closed. However, some plaintiffs require come out strongly in mergers to enlarge the way they operate. They insist on keeping such litigation alive even after they have been closed. This is achieved through having extensive discovery more so aga inst the acquirer executives in control of the purse strings. wherefore mergers and takeovers There are a number reasons cited by firms for mergers and takeovers. However, the most prevalent reasoning cited by absolute majority of the firms participating in M&A is profitability and growth sourced from external means. The outsourced growth may be of great economic benefit to the acquirer through increase in the production capacity, product diversification, increase market share, and expansion of the product lines. Some firms cite quantifiable reasons such as tax service and increased economies of scale are the main reasons for the mergers. In laying the strategies for merger and takeovers, it is important for the participating firms to center on on their goals and strategies. The management accounting department of the merging firms observes the compatibility of the merging companies to determine the compatibility of the core values and beliefs of these corporations. temporary h ookup quantitative variable provide ideal aspects which makes takeovers and mergers very attractive, their applicability are limited as they shop to portray the clear picture of the scene. Qualitative factors of the merging corporations should also be deeply considered. In estimating the real value of each merging firm, intangible factors such as favorable location, the strength of management, and skilled patience force constitute the qualitative aspects of the takeover or merger. Whatever the goal or rationale of the merger, the calamity or success of

Conflict in the school Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conflict in the shoal Systems - Essay ExampleIt is feasible that parents will be ready to accept the democratic model of school education, solely at the selfsame(prenominal) time they will express dissatisfaction with different concrete things (Robinson, 2000). Or, on the contrary, parents may consider the main designate of school education to be the development of childrens love for freedom, in the development of their personal potential, recognition of their creative abilities, but the school offers the system of tough r come out of the closetine study. The conflict of determine can go past between a teacher and school administration or between children, especially in the towering school (Richmon, 2005).The conflict of values is the conflict, which cant be resolved by any psychological means. The conflict of values is the controversy which cant be resolved in open skirmish as every person has a right for his/her own hierarchy of values. In resolution of conflicts of values much depends on the school leaders. Some researches find the way out in values establish leadership model values and conflict will continue to remain contentious issues of challenge for administrators but the adoption of a values based leadership model could assist school leaders to succinctly define the realities of their very complex role despite the challenges. The values-based model has tremendous potential and possibilities to transform the actual face of educational administration provided it is seamlessly integrated within educational organizations to become the new standard of happy and meaningful leadership practice (Zupan, 2012, p. 184). Certainly, the discussion of various values is necessary, but if it is impossible, the only way out is to organize the collaboration of people with the same values. It is necessary the parents should have the opportunity to appear in school where there are teachers with the same values. Teachers staff should also consist of people

Legal Policies and Procedures to Refer a Student with a Perceived Essay

Legal Policies and Procedures to Refer a Student with a Perceived Impairment for Evaluation - stress ExampleThe assessments that are done and the parental meetings between school administrations and the family are a central cut off of helping children gain a good and solid educational experience. The conclusion defines that without the implementation of melodic theme many years ago there would still be many children missing out on the beneficial to learn in a public environment. It also concludes that although there are still many issues that urgency to be worked out it is a positive influence in the educational trunk and does make a release for many circumscribed needs children and the families.IDEA was first initiated in 1975 in order to provide every(prenominal) children the right to a public education in the United States (Department of Education 1997). The history potful relatively speak for itself because before IDEAs implementation into the educational system there w as no place for special needs children and they were left shut out of the school system. Research defines the approximate percentage of young sight who were facing disclusion to break been at 1 million and then another 100,000 did not receive the entrance services that they desperately needed (Department of Education 1997). ... Now those with learning disabilities and other special needs defend excelled in the public schooling environment and have gone on to colleges and universities all around the world. They have definitely surpassed what legislators and other policy makers had ever thought they had the ability of achieving so these are all in truth positive things. When a truly in-depth comparison is done one can see how way seat in the seventies when children were often housed in institutions, today they have made great strides. Today, three clock the number of children that were in those state institutions have developed the knowledge and social skills to be able to go on to college and many people with several disabilities now have opportunities to work in public environments where in advance they did not (Department of Education 1997). Obviously it is remarkable how certain policies and specialized classs can make a difference in thousands of peoples lives.The Six Key Components of the Original IDEAWhen President Ford initially signed this program into the United States Educational system there existed six original components of it that laid out the strategic manikin and clearly defined eligibility and other requirements that were a fundamental part of it (Associated Content 2006). The first section of the 1975 IDEA act was titled, Entitlements and Allocations (Associated Content 2006). This area was meant to bring about a way to implement the program into the system in the most logical fashion possible. Many of those that had been involved with the induction of this program had to work to go ways to bring cohesion into the public school syste m utilizing a humanitarian proposal that allowed for all students

Hypothetical disaster scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hypothetical disaster scenario - Essay ExampleMoreover, Al personal has experienced intermittent water supply due to problems of transmission as well as distribution.The Al Ain nuclear power plant experienced some technical problems and this resulted in the leakage of hot materials in the environment. This situation raised fears of contamination by the radioactive materials among residents who fear for their lives and their livestock. Because of the environmental concerns relating to the effects of the radioactive materials, in that location was need to conduct research on the state of the environment to determine the extent and quantity of radioactive components within Al Ain region (Environmental Agency 1). This is because radioactive materials generated from nuclear plants due to accidents are life-threatening and can have immense negative impact on the environment with extreme cases resulting in the termination of various forms of biodiversity.In order to achieve this missio n, there is need to collect data from the environment in order to use for examination of the situation. Data collection entailed sampling of water in the environment. First, with assistance from environmental experts and chemical analysts, ground water samples from the plants premises are collected for lab testing and further examination. Consequently, I would collect water samples from the neighboring regions. The aim of this step is to use the data for comparison and further analysis and decision-making (Bodansky 23). Afterwards, chemical experts take these samples into the lab for examination and analysis.After examination and analysis, the results obtained from the two samples maneuver presence of radioactive materials in the environment. Water samples collected within the plants locality hint high concentration of iodine 131, a radioactive material compared to those collected some distance off from the nuclear plant (Nuclear world Association 1). Since the water table in Al Ain is virtually to

Take a position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Take a position - Essay eventThis paper concludes by giving an international example of a social responsibility that is conducted by storied Olympics organization which brought about a great change to the society.Athletes are the most visible expression of feat and financial success in the United States. They control an influential power that put forward bring concourse from different diversities to come up with amazing strategies in the society. They can allow the people through with(predicate) their variant activities related to the society. They should be outspoken because they have even surpassed the Hollywood actors in entertaining. They have to get yesteryear suspensors corporate and personal advisers and think about what is best for the people of their nation. The loyalty to the athlete programs should not be larger than those of the human race.Athletes have to stand up for the human race whose parting has been silenced and whose living are being banished by the pol icies and orders of the country. It is because they are a public figure. The less inauspicious people in the society are as much important as the athletes themselves, their coaches and also their fans. Athletes have an obligation to struggle for social justice. They should refuse to comply with the rules, regulations and restrictions that discriminate, violates and persecutes human race. They should be ready to sacrifice their lush living for the sake of recognition of the peoples rights and better living condition. Despite the critics that they might panorama in making this decision, they should be sure to stand by what is right and what they believe.Athletes can change lives through social duties. The reason is that athletics has power to bring about strong emotions and encourage health, friendship and respect. They can be able to enable and inspire people with intellectual disability through sports. Sports help them to cleanse physical fitness, show courage, and be involved i n the sharing of gifts talents

Women oppression in the united States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Women oppression in the united States - Essay ExampleThe reality was sink in on American women that marriage and childbearing were not a guarantee for happiness. In the past, women were expected to presume care of their families and perform domestic cores rather than looking for work. The society considered working women less feminine (Friedan 15).young women who left college prioritized getting married and siring children than anything else. However, housewives were increasingly bonnie discontented with the kind of life they were leading, which was akin to prison life. They were becoming bored and desperate (Friedan 9). Many American women were privately seeking the services of psychiatrists as they suffered from fatigue because of numerous chores.Ancient American women mainly focused on domestic duties rather than pursue formal jobs, which were a preserve for men. The women were getting bored and desperate following their home routines. The women were obliging to the expert adv ice that their role was to square off husbands and sire children then take care of their families. However, things obtain changed. The issue of gender equality has become much important than ever before. Women should be allowed to work and given equal job opportunities as their male counterparts. Women have high potential that could be exploited beyond the confines of their matrimonial

English - Pro & Con evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English - Pro & Con evaluation - Essay workoutShe uses the same method of evaluation in the second and three paragraphs, which discuss the second option ( gelt) and the third option (Louisville) respectively. The order and details she uses to support her arguments are in line in all the paragraphs. She basic looks at the priorities and preferences of each holiday area. She begins by evaluating if the place meets their criteria somewhere that provides a lively mix of operation and relaxation time. She follows up by evaluating on the cost for food and accommodation per person per night. Finally, she evaluates on the carry-over costs to and from Michigan.In the end, Cordaro provides a conclusion on their decision. She tells us which option they chose (Louisville) and why they chose this option. She also gives us a summary of their vacation experience in Louisville. In this summary, she shows how ideal Louisville was as a vacation spot and finishes by commenting on their bravado of planning a fabulous vacation that met their needs and budget.Cordaros arguments are highly effective because they consider all their priorities and preferences criteria in choosing the ideal vacation destination, even though their final decision rationale is on a different reason i.e. All of them had been to both Chicago and South Haven, but none of them had ever been to

Business Law-Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Law-Tort - Essay mannikinA tort is a legal wrong, and in this slick the legal wrong is nothing be make to prevent an accident from happening on the job. It is a guilds responsibility to ensure the safety of employees. Kofsy may not of been a direct employee, but he did deliver items to this place of business. He has as more than legal rights as an employee as well as patients and visitors to the hospital. What would of happened if a patient wandered out there or a visitor got lost, and tripped and fell down because of that crack That is an endangerment to anyone who comes in contact with that surface area. water tap Seiple had Kofsy bringing that move back off of the motortruck to show him the difficulty he was having, and what could possibly happen if he used the leaf blade plate. Technically, k without delaying that this could injure himself, he shouldnt ache done it or at least not done it without help. Pat Seipe had refused to help due to company policies. K ofsy still attempted to bring the bed off of the truck with and without the steel plate, and then when it got stuck he struggled to get it out resulting in his own injury. Who is at faultA tort law helps distinguish who is at fault, and who is responsible for the damages. This case here is considered an unintentional tort due to negligence. The tort law helps focus on the consequences on this accident. First what needs to be determined is whether this case is a fault liability (the plaintiffs fault), or a strict liability (the defendant or both are at fault). In this situation, it seems to me that both are at fault here. Due to the fact that this area was not repaired so deliveries could be made without injuries or damages, and to the fact that Kofsy could of refused to move the bed after it got stuck. He had informed Pat that it would get stuck with the steel plate, and he went ahead to prove it to him. He could of refused knowing what would scram happened, and someone could thru st seriously got hurt. However, it is still the companys responsibility to provide a safe atmosphere for all. This misfortune incurred costs to Kofsy, and it now has to be decided on who is responsible for them. The tort law was developed to allow victims the opportunity to moorage the costs that be fleet them to others. It provides an avenue of redress, but not a guarantee of recovery. The law states, As wrong mustiness be the proximate cause of Bs harm. (Coleman, Oct. 20, 2003) In other words, it was the hospitals wrong causing Kofsys harm. Therefore this case would fall under a tort. Under the principle of corrective justice, it is stated, An individual who has wronged another has the duty to repair the wrongful losses occasioned. (Coleman, 2003) Due to the negligence of repairs, Kofsy has suffered from his injuries, accumulated hospital bills, and lost money from being out of work. Is this area repaired though to prevent future accidents All of this could have been prevented if both parties took safety measures. However, this isnt the case here. We now have to decide on how Kofsy will be compensated if at all. Tort 3Even though his actions caused this injury by struggling to remove the bed from being stuck by himself, the company still should have had this fixed prior to avoid any injuries. It is not like Kofsy didnt let anyone aware of the damage at the hospital. It should have been fixed right away leaving the discussion of the subject and demonstration out of it. The company should be responsible for all medical bills incurring from what

Did the Treaty of Versailles cause World War II Essay

Did the Treaty of Versailles cause World War II - Essay Exampleoposals were kernelive in ending the first war and initiated a peaceful chat among the nations2.However, Frances Georges Clemenceau,supported by David Lloyd of Britain, wanted revenge. Germanycould not compromiseits superiority. Frances intentions were mainly to suppress Germany and did not consider its grievances.Among the main driving factors to WW2 is the provision of the conformity that Germany was to pat for the damage. The provision in article 231 of the treaty, know as war guilt clause, had a major role in initiating WW2. Economic rebuilding of europium was a key provision of the treaty3. Franceattempted to devise strategies that impose limitations on the economic recovery and effect rearmament of Germany. To achieve its mission,French administration advocated thatGermany shouldaccount for the damage caused by the war. The economic suppression caused an inward riot on the treaty and making Germans seek any pos sible opportunity to break away from the treaty. This had the effect of making the Germans give total support to anyradicalleader who wouldpromiseto offer them granting immunity from the liability such as Adolf Hitler.Another humiliation to Germany was on the directive to disarm and the limitation on army. They were not supposed to have an air force while opening crime cases on its leaders suspected to have caused ww1. Sovereignty of Germany was undermined by the condition that the ships its mercantile marine were to be taken by the allies and there were to make more for them henceforth.According to the treaty, boundaries of Germany were to be reestablished as well as have its colonies. This instilled further economic strain on Germany while causing shame to it. This resulted in resentment against the treaty and its provisions. As a result, political parties were formed. This made Germans have the urge to secure more land, which was seen in the onset of such as Poland and Russia. The League of Nations was supposed

Strategic Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Operation Management - Essay ExampleZara has three major return lines, for men, women and children. It has a creative team consisting of sourcing specialist, designers and personnel for product development. The creative team of the company work on products for the current season and they are to a fault engaged in selecting product mix and fabric for the products. deuce basic assemblages are prepared by Zara every year that are the winter/fall collection and the summer/spring collection. The designers of Zara showcase their designs in renowned fashion programs and shows too (Zhelyazkov, n. d.). There is enormous work load of 1000 new design and fashion every month, which is managed by development and design team of two hundred employees in Zara. All these employees work from their headquarters that is Spain. This signifies that every individual produces 60 different styles per year, which means near 2 styles in every week. This speed is maintained at every stage of prod uct development, which catalyses the sell sales by 200,000 300,000 in a year. Though this process followed by the company is certainly not cost-efficient, but it is compensated through the high margin on the product (Dutta, 2003). The unique sell overture (USP) of Zara is that it can tamp down its designs from drawing board to the retail stores around the world in a pass over of just two weeks. The designs are initially sketched and dedicated through the Computer-aided (CAD) system, with the help of which samples are made by the skilled workers who are working within the design facility (Ferdows, 2003). All the sewing operations take place in the factories owned by the company. The product development structure stated in course 1 below is helpful in understanding the product designing and development or product process (Zhelyazkov, n. d.). Figure 1 Product Development Source (Slack and Lewis, 2002, p. 247) Product development process involves scuttlebutt of operations resou rce, which includes developing capabilities and rapid change in technology. Moreover, considering the market requirements also play significant procedure in this process, this is what Zara actively does (Slack and Lewis, 2002). The product development phase beings with market research. This is combined with visiting universities campus and former(a) venues such(prenominal) as discos for observing the fashion trend of the young leaders, sales describes and daily feedbacks (Dutta, 2002). Apart from this, significant investment funds in data technology and different communication infrastructure has been availed by the company for gathering information on customer demand. The sales managers and associates have customised handheld computers for informing the headquarters regarding daily sales report on real-time basis. The garment styling starts as soon as the designing team receive calls from stores regarding the inevitably and the team forecast the future demands with the help of t hese calls. The commercial manager sits with the designers to forecast design demand, fabric, cost and selling price (Dutta, 2002). Resource and Process implications In this section the sources and the processes would be discussed. The fabrics required in the company and other inputs are purchased from external suppliers. There are purchasing offices of Zara in Hong Kong and Barcelona. Apart from this, there are also sourcing personals in Spain, but Europe has been always the top

Price Elasticity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Price Elasticity - Research Paper ExampleThe greater the percentage of income the good represents, the greater the crack because it testament attract peoples attention as a return of its high cost (Moschandreas, 2000). If a commodity represents a small percentage of the consumers income, on the opposite hand, it will gravel little effect on demand, and is deemed to be inelastic. Therefore, the purchasing power of the consumer affects elasticity a great deal.Necessity also profoundly affects elasticity. If a product is necessary, that is, if one cannot do without a product, elasticity is reduced because people will still buy the product irrespective of the change in toll (Ferrell, 2010).The availability of alternative goods affects elasticity. If a substitute good is close and readily available to the market, elasticity will be high since people will have the choice to switch to the attractive alternative. This can be necessitated by the slightest of changes in prices, and there fore largely affects elasticity (Ferrell, 2010). Substitute goods availability and reach is a operator that many companies look at in price consideration due to its massive impact on elasticity.Some factors have the least effect on elasticity. Though relative, the effect that these factors have is thought to be negligible. Time is one such example. Price changes that persist for short time periods affect the demand for a good, and subsequent sales far much less than price changes that hold for a long time. If a price change holds for a long time, elasticity is likely to be high since the customers will have time to find suitable alternatives (Moschandreas, 2000).Loyalty to a specific brand affects elasticity. This is so because if a consumer is fast(a) to a brand, elasticity is low as the variables that affect the product will not affect its demand. However, it s worth noting that with time and availability of better alternatives, loyalty eventually

Sustainability Of Residential Housing And Commercial Building Case Study

Sustainability Of Residential Housing And Commercial expression - Case Study ExampleHomo sapiens emerged victorious in their quest for enhanced console levels in all the avenues of life.All the points discussed in the previous paragraph speak volumes about the rapidity of festering attained by mankind. But this scenario is non without an unpleasant side to it In this rapid progress that is beingness made on the path towards material development, Mother Nature was totally ignored As a matter of fact, it can also be stated that she has been subjected to abuse, and there was a point beyond which she (Mother Nature) could not endure the ill-treatment that was being meted out to it. Consequently, she gradually started showing her wrath and human beings began to feel the attendant effects in the form of global warming, the rise in the incidence of natural disasters, and jeopardized the health of people, among others. later witnessing all this, it did not take long for people to pres s the panic button and to start initiating the disciplinary measures to counter their own misdeeds.It is at this juncture that the aspect of Sustainability comes into play. Sustainability refers to the act of abiding by only those practices and procedures, associate to various development activities, which are environmentally friendly, and show high levels of regard for nature and natural resources. on with all other areas of activity, the issue of sustainability is holding high relevance even in the sphere of influence of mental synthesis construction, which includes constructions of both residential and also commercial usage. Here, it would be worthwhile to examine the aspect of sustainability, with regard to this sector (building construction).Over the past few years, the issue of sustainability has been accorded topmost priority while developing residential housings.

Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 26

Article Review - Essay causaThe member explores the flowings state of Treasury bond yields and prices in the US financial market. According to Zeng, the strengthening of the bonds is a sign that inflation has been tame in the US market. As result, the Federal Reserves is not in a hurry to increase the interest rates, a factor that has highly boosted investor confidence (Zeng, 2014). The trading in the Treasury bonds has recorded little change in terms of yields. This is in addition to the fact that the prices of merchandise goods has also fallen. The article states that in the current US financial market, the prices of the treasury bonds face no threats, a reason why investors are confident when investing in the bonds.The goal of the author in this article is to explore the state of the treasury bonds in the US market. The author wants to show that the increased confidence of the investors, a depiction that it is the right time to invest in the treasury bonds as inflation appears to have been tamed in the US financial market. In order to do this and to achieve the objective of show that the current state of the US Treasury bonds has strengthened, the author analyzes the trading and yields from the treasury bond over the last catch of weeks in order to attempt to the reader that the bonds have indeed strengthened.Ming Zeng has been subject to achieve his goal of showing that the prices of the treasury bonds have strengthened. His success in attaining this goal is clearly evident with the way he is able to clearly show the prices and the yields of the treasury bonds over the last couple of weeks to clearly depict the trend and prove that they had strengthened. His conclusion that it is a good time for the investors to put their money on the bonds is valid as he is able to use factual data from Tradeweb/WSJ Market Data Group to prove his point and the

Favorite Possession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Favorite Possession - Essay archetypeAccording to the findings, as a point of departure, my pet is a dog-named jimmy. open up is one year, 3 months old. I find immense fascination in Jimmy because of numerous reasons, which include its appearance, courage, skilfulness and its charming actions. To start with, Jimmy is white with few black spots, which desexualise it beautiful. I like the colour match because it brings happiness to me when am with Jimmy. On equal measure, the courage jimmy exhibits whenever he wants to attack is beyond comprehension. Jimmy is so braw to defend me against a number of enemies. Jimmy is flexible and skilful. This makes him fierce when doing long-range attack on the enemy. He applies tactical moves, when he feels that someone might respond back and hit him. It is difficult to defeat Jimmy, because he is smart in his moves, which are enhanced by his long limbs and claws. I feel protected whenever I walk with Jimmy. He is a real warrior. Another fascinat ing aspect of Jimmy is the charming antics, which make me joyous and active whenever am tired or angry. He is a true friend who understands my idea pattern and responds to it appropriately.

Business plan for Gym Equipment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business plan for Gym Equipment - Essay Example get fitness equipment online too, has grown substanti in all(prenominal)y over the last s everal years. From numerous infomercial products to high-end home rehearse equipments, the Internet provides the medium for detailed information on the benefits and features of each product. As people overcome their hero-worship of cyber condescendping, they are learning that the Internet offers both - the convenience and the savings. Convenience comes from comparative shopping without having to travel to numerous fitness equipment stores, where you often deal with unknowledgeable sales representatives. The Internet has empowered the consumer with detailed product information, allowing them to progress to intelligent purchasing decisions. In addition, the Internet provides an opportunity to avoid the added cost incurred through purchases at retail stores. A percentage of any price tag at a store includes overhead costs like leasing prime space , employee wages and inventory. The Internet is changing the rules, and online purchases net result into signifi enkindlet savings on items like fitness equipments.Although people, mostly youngsters, have become much more fitness conscious than ever - a few online shops are existent on world wide web, selling home lyceum equipments. ... Hence, the current occupation position cl aboriginal speaks the need of a selling media from where the good number of customers can be reached on an everyday basis. Thus, e-shops are an opportunity.Else, the Internet websites already existing in the market selling home gym equipments, arent yet covering the whole of potential customers. They are often into a odd-job(prenominal) business of selling products via Internet, over and above having their conventional exhibition center - and hence, their business models are non probably as powerful as what a full-fledged Internet venture could have. How can you count a successful e-business The outwar d signs of a robust and thriving business are Revenue increases cleverness to generate profits Success in creating meaningful alliances Success in expanding into new markets Differentiating itself from other business models ( Online Internet Business Models).In such a scenario, there is an opportunity of launching an Internet shop selling home gym equipments, as its full-time Internet business. Business activityLaunched in the early days of year 2008, Beauty Fitness, a full-time e-shop - is into the business of selling home gyms and fitness equipments to young people, and all the others who want to stay in a good shape, keep fit - both physically and mentally. With profuse growing Internet accessibility, e-shops are gaining bigger and bigger potential. Having established their presence on computers of almost all the British households, e-shops are not limited with daily working hours, weekend offs, or festive holidays. Customers can have access to our Internet shop 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. More, composition in classic shops customers are required to walk around the town, Beauty Fitness offers the customers that ease,

Changing Ethical Perspectives-McDonald’s Essay Example for Free

Changing estim adequate to(p) Perspectives-McDonalds EssayWhen Dick and Mac McDonald opened their first barbeque eatery in 1940, it is doubtful they realized the impact their company name would have upon the world of stemma and food service. A few years after they opened their restaurant, they closed to renovate, rethink their business strategy, and posited a aboveboard drive-in restaurant with a small wit to allow the brothers to focus not on providing diversity and choices, but quality within their service and products (Our History-1940, n.d.).It may have been the simplicity of the operation, or the superior level of dedication to service that attracted the attention of restaurant equipment salesman Ray Croc. In 1954, Ray Croc visited their only organization in San Bernadino, California and learned they had an interest in building a franchise roughly their alert business configuration. Ray Croc and the McDonalds brothers agree on their first franchise programme and rophy step to the fore to build more locations. Kroc opens his first franchise location in Des Plaines, Ill. on April 15, 1955. By 1965, there would be more than 700 McDonalds restaurants throughout the United States (Our History-1955, n.d.).As McDonalds grow outward, their community responsibilities inherently would increase. Through the period of the fifties and sixties, community and social responsibilities were simple keep a clean restaurant, set reasonable prices (hamburgers were 15 cents), and c oncentrate on service. At the outset, it would appear the estimable perspective would be oneness close to utilitarianism (what will the most people like), with little emphasis on deontology or virtue theory. As McDonalds moved into the seventies leading them on a voyage around the world, these responsibilities and perspectives would have to adjust and permute rapidly to accommodate cultural trades and needs.Changes in Ethical Perspective as a closure of GlobalizationIn 1967, t he first McDonalds restaurants opened in Canada and Puerto Rico. During this time of expansion, the McDonalds line was in full developed into a restaurant that can be recognized with its traceature golden arches and bright inflammation and white colorations of the building. The menu also presented an unwavering selection of hamburgers, cheeseburgers, soda pop, and French fries. As McDonalds expanded globally, it did so carrying the same rigid elements of marketing and selection that was originally offered at the start. Global expansion was going well, but cultural adaptation and ethical considerations are still several years away.The first sign from McDonalds regarding ethics or a reaction to corporate social responsibility did not go past from their global expansion. In 1973, McDonalds opened the first Ronald McDonald House in response to aid ail children from Leukemia. From here, social responsibility for McDonalds become apparent, but at a very slow maltreat (Our History-19 73, n.d.).Cultural Issues within the Global OrganizationAmidst the seventies and moving into the eighties, environmental and ethical perspectives became more important. McDonalds til now, did not become a leader in globalization as well as ethical considerations. Because of the rigidity of their plant operation and offerings, they slowly were become an icon for unchanging American standards and unhealthy provender standards. In a weak attempt to stay strong and fresh, McDonalds began increasing their menu from the simple hamburger and cheeseburger to include also specialty intermissionfast items and a larger dinner menu. They still failed however to change their image from canned and greasy fast food. The ethical rigidity of McDonalds failing to change their menu items would continue well into 1987 before the first fresh salad entrees would finally allow them to slowly break their crusty perspective of factory-made food (Our History-1987, n.d.).McDonalds and the World-An Ethical PerspectiveThrough the nineties and into the twenty-first century, a new form of consumer was emerging. This new creed of shopping known as ethical consumerism focuses in on supporting companies that have a proven track record of healthy and environmentally adjunct business practices. Even with menu enhancements and slight menu changes within the different cultural heavenss McDonalds had entered, this is an area they had not yet championed (York, 2006).In order to survive, corporate leadership knew they had a very steep scrap to face. In small steps, McDonalds slowly turned their behemoth juggernaut of food service into becoming more environmentally conscious and green. They took on challenges from large organizations such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) to change their beef and chicken production (Beef magazine, 2005). As the critics emerged, McDonalds faced charges of unhealthy menus and unsound environmental practices. McDonalds had to make a decision-ke ep with their out of date business plan and face ruin in the age of environmentally conscious companies, or find ways to salute the needed changes into their organization.The process was slow, but over time, McDonalds found by making necessary changes to their organization, they were able to slowly gain back a market share of followers who recognizing their ethical and environmental changes, were once again willing to support their cause. The result was a healthier menu, diet and nutritional guides, and even environmentally sound coffee and cups could be found within the walls of a typical McDonalds restaurant around the world (York, 2006). According to Reynolds (2011), McDonalds even prominently publicized their new image efforts through a new and fresh series of television advertising to focus on McDonalds community and environmental initiativesModern Cross-Cultural Perspective for McDonaldsMcDonalds has risen from one small drive-in restaurant with a menu consisting of 15 cent h amburgers, fries, and soda to a multinational company consisting of 33,500 local restaurants overhaul 68 million people in 119 different countries. Their current cultural perspective at the present time contains variety that Ray Croc could never have imagined in the middle of the 20th century. A miscellany of utilitarianism (what would please most customers) and deontology (what is our CSR) seems to drive the corporate think tank and operational culture.McDonalds is an excellent suit of how a company that was started with very simple goals expanded, faced legal, ethical, and chaste pressures and challenges, and is still capable of making it to the backsheesh of biggest and healthiest fast food restaurant franchises (Minkin, 2012). One of the greatest obstacles to McDonalds was a rigid and unwillingness to change both image and perspective. Through the decades however, McDonalds leadership has met their community responsibilities and currently carries an accepted ethical and mor al perspective.ReferencesAuthor Unknown, (2005, February). McDonalds eyes change in Poultry Harvest Method. Beef, 1. Minkin, T. (2012). Americas Top Ten Healthiest Fast pabulum Restaurants. Retrieved from http//www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20435301,00.html Our History. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.mcdonalds.com/us/en/our_story/our_history.html Reynolds, J. (2011, June). McDonalds Activity to Promote Ethical Focus. Marketing Magazine, (3), 1. York, M. (2006, November). With the planet death of. New Internationalist, (), 5.

Understanding Fully Experience on the Perspective of Art Essay Example for Free

Understanding Fully induce on the Perspective of Art Es positExperience remains to be a playing fieldive proceeds for persons who happened to encounter important or non-important events in their lives that seem to have made an impact. In terms of ar iirk and elegants, put through also manifests in the condition of subjectivity, however misconceptions and uncertainty arises because of the lack of deeper understanding on how go steady affects this field. This paper seeks to elaborate on three affirmations presented by John Dewey with regards to his book Art as an have.Experience according to the essay is vital in the cargo area and understanding of cosmetics and artistic creation. Experience in this vital sense is defined by those situations and episodes that we spontaneously refer to as being real downs those things of which we say in recalling them, that was an dwell. (Dewey, 1980, p. 37) The paper allow for now argue on a point clear up by the author. The first off argument is whether an chaste start out is deduced in the element of the intellectual or the emotional.Dewey first mentioned the subjects surrounding esthetic experience to be intellectually oriented and at the equivalent time elaborated on the idea of how these experiences are linked into the emotional side of man. In short, esthetic cannot be sharply marked off from intellectual experience since the latter must bear an esthetic stamp to be itself complete. (Dewey, 1980, p. 40) In short, the author sees that there must be a balance and correlational statistics between the emotional and intellectual aspects of man in understanding experiences. In response to the first argument presented by Dewey, the paper agrees to the author that a balance must be set in align for esthetic experience to be fully mum.Moreover, ones ideas is subjective in its sense that industriousness of one aspect alone cannot fully explain and elaborate ones initial or total experience per se. Givin g oneself the understanding that to fully appreciate the esthetic value of experience one must be able to bridge the gap and link the emotional as well as the intellectual appreciation of man. The next argument presented by Dewey also has the connection with the first argument he elaborated regarding the idea of emotional and intellectual capacity of man and to associate it with experience.There are therefore common patterns in various experiences, no matter how unlike they are to one an opposite in the details of their subject matter. (Dewey, 1980, p. 45) In another argument, Dewey points let out the idea of doing and undergoing in relation with experience. In this light, Dewey points out that these processes are colligate in to the concepts related to art artistic and esthetic. Since artistic refers primarily to the act of production and esthetic to that of intelligence and enjoyment, the absence of a term designating the two processes taken together is unfortunate. (Dewey, 19 80, p. 48) The author tried to point out that these two must never be unaffectionate from one another but instead these two ideas are correlated when it comes to experience.Dewey establishes the connection between the four ideas. He linked artistic as a form of doing while esthetic to the concept of undergoing. Dewey further pointed out by saying however as well as the relation that exists in having an experience between doing and undergoing, indicate that the hard-hittingion between esthetic and artistic cannot be pressed so far to become a separation. (Dewey, 1980, p. 49)The paper agrees with the author regarding the recurrence that the idea of undergoing and doing assumption in the concepts of esthetic and artistic respectively must never be separated in the field of art experience. The paper also agrees with Deweys claim that to be truly artistic, a work must also be esthetic (Dewey, 1980, p. 49) There must be a distinct connection between the two ideas since an appreciation of only one aspect would only make the experience incomplete or depriving on the part of the person.To be able to understand fully the art experience falln one must be able to combine the feelings of the doer (artist) and in turn internalise the effect it does to the person which is denoted by the process of undergoing (esthetic). The paper agrees to the idea of Dewey by saying art, in its form, unites the actually same relation of doing and undergoing, outgoing and incoming energy, that makes an experience to be an experience. (Dewey, 1980, p. 50) The last argument that the paper will focus on is the idea elaborated by Dewey with regards to the idea of how an individual sees art scholarship or recognition.The author emphasizes this importance because this understanding will determine whether an individual fully comprehends and accepts the experience fully given by an art. He first elaborated on the individual meanings of the two and reiterated that it is better for perception to slip by rather than recognition. Perception is an act of the going-out of energy in order to receive, not a withholding of energy. (Dewey, 1980, p. 55) He pointed that undergoing the process of recognition rather than perception would only lead to a minimal level of experience that is inadequate or deprived of the full appreciation of the experience.Recognition is perception arrested before it has a peril to develop freely. (Dewey, 1980, p. 54) In reaction to the argument pointed out by Dewey, I would have to agree that perception is better than recognition in experiencing art. The paper points out this fact because with the idea of recognition, the individual only perceives an art based on the parameters that it is enclosed with. The deeper meaning and concept of an art is not really looked into. On the other hand, perception tries to give a holistic glimpse of the art experience to the individual.Yes, both ideas can give an individual the art experience that it desires how ever, the previous showcases an experience that is minimal compared to the latter. In conclusion, the paper showcased different arguments presented by Dewey in relation to understanding the art experience felt by individuals. Furthermore, the paper elaborated on issues and arguments that arouses from the idea. The concept of art experience can indeed benefit the individual more if these things were to be understood and studied by each person.

Duke Ellington Essay Example for Free

Duke Ellington EssayOne of the greatest know grade insignialeaders, arrangers, recording artist, and composers of all time is no(prenominal) other than Duke Ellington. Born on April 29, 1899 in Washington, D.C., Ellington was destined for practice of medicineal talent. His family was musically talented twain of his parents could bit piano stock-still though neither could read music. Ellington did not grow up in a poor family and he had educational advantages that many black musicians in his time didnt have. He authorized the nickname Duke from a fellow classmate, because of his elegant way of dressing and his regal behavior. While in shoal elementary school, he received piano lessons, and by the time he reached high school, he was already performing locally. He was likewise a fairly good painter and win a cognizance to the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, bleak York. But his art career was overshadowed by his love for music.Music won his heart, so art wasnt in the pictu re. At the age of 17, he wrote his premier(prenominal) song, The Soda reverse lightning Rag, which was his debut. In 1919, Ellingtons son Mercer was born. With encouragement from Fats Waller, Duke moved to New York with his newly formed group, The Washingtonians. He later formed the Duke Ellington Orchestra, which by 1930 had grown to include 12 musicians. During these early years in New York, Ellington developed skills that he would carry throughout his entire career. He evolved from band member to leader and performed in a variety of clubs. His writing and arranging skills alike evolved and became more defined. These new skills would be his unique integrative ardor. Some of Ellingtons new influences were stride piano players like Willie The Lion Smith and James P. Johnson and rag week piano players.One of the best career moves make by Ellington was his booking at The Cotton lodge in Harlem, New York. His band was established house performers there from 1927 to 1932. Elling tons influence on the jazz community was definite from that point on. Radio broadcasts from the club made Ellington famous across America and also gave him the financial security to assemble a top notch band that he could write music specifically for. Musicians tended to stay with the band for long periods of time. For example, saxophone player Harry Carney would remain with Duke nonstop from 1927 to Ellingtons terminal in 1974. In 1928 clarinetist Barney Bigard left King Oliver and joined the band. Ellington and Bigard would later co-write one of the orchestras signature pieces wit Indigo in 1930.In 1929 Bubber Miley, was fired from the band because of his alcoholism and replaced with body louse Williams. Ellington also appeared in his first film Black and Tan later that year. The Duke Ellington Orchestra left the Cotton Club in 1931 (although he would top on an occasional basis throughout the rest of the Thirties) and toured the U.S. and Europe. During Duke Ellingtons tenure a t the Cotton Club, he had gone from an aspiring New York bandleader to a leading figure in the domain of jazz. He had bewilder well known far beyond New York. Along with the Cotton Club reviews, he had made many records, radio broadcasts, special performances, and even film appearances. He officially had a national following, and he needed to create new music that would address both his national and international audiences. Ellington was set to complete new things in the world of jazz.Ellingtons band was ahead of their time style wise, and they could really swing. Ellingtons first great achievements came in the three-minute song form, and he later wrote music for all kinds of settings the ballroom, the comedy stage, the nightclub, the movie house, the theater, the contrive hall, and the cathedral. Ellingtons different music styles became more pronounced and recognizable.His first style was his jungle style, which included some(prenominal) growling on the instruments. This style was built or so the raucous playing of Bubber Miley, Cootie Williams, and Tricky surface-to-air missile Nanton. The song East St. Louis Toodle-Oo is a good example of this style of playing. The floor shows were elaborately designed around the music the band played. His next style was his mood style, is known for his exquisitely beautiful ballads played by saxophonist Johnny Hodges. Some of his most known mood style selections are Solitude, function to a Kiss, and Lotus Blossom.Another style is his concerto style, in which he featured Cootie Williams, Jimmy Hamilton, and Barney Bigard. By the early 1940s, Ellington experimented with extended composition and his orchestra toured the US and Europe extensively. In 1943, Ellington inaugurated a serial publication of annual concerts at Carnegie Hall with the premiere of Black, Brown, and Beige. He continued to expand the scope of his compositions and activities as a bandleader throughout his life. His foreign tours became increasingly frequent and successful his travel experiences served as the inspiration for his many whole kit and boodle about people, places and trains. He wrote nearly two thousand compositions before his death in 1974. His fourth style was his standard style, where he approached his arrangements in the same manner as the other big bands. He also had a dance style that kind of coincided with his jungle style.Unlike many of their contemporaries, the Ellington Orchestra was able to make the change from the Hot Jazz of the 1920s to the Swing music of the 1930s. The song It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing) even came to define the era. This ability to adapt and grow with the times kept the Ellington Orchestra a major force in Jazz up until Dukes death in the 1970s. Throughout the Forties and Fifties Ellingtons fame and influence continued to grow. The band continued to produce Jazz standards like Take the A Train, Perdido, The C Jam Blues and Satin Doll. In the 1960s Duke wrote several religious pieces, and composed The Far East Suite. He also collaborated with a in truth diverse group of musicians whose styles spanned the history of Jazz. He played in a trio with Charles Mingus and Max Roach, sit in with both the Louis Armstrong All-Stars and the John Coltrane Quartet, and he had a double big-band date with Count Basie.Duke Ellington influenced millions of people both around the world and at home. He gave American music its own sound for the first time. In his fifty year career, he played over 20,000 performances in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East as well as Asia. The extent of Ellingtons innovations helped to redefine the various forms in which he worked. Duke Ellington was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement gift in 1966. He was later awarded several other prizes, along with 13 Grammys, the Pulitzer Prize, the Presidential Medal of freedom in 1969, and the Legion of Honor by France in 1973, the highest civilian honors in each country.Simply put, El lington transcends boundaries and fills the world with a treasure trove of music that renews itself through every generation of fans and music-lovers. His legacy continues to live on and will endure for generations to come. His son Mercer Ellington took over his band after his death, and his grandson Paul Ellington is over the Ellington Estate now. The Ellington computer memory helps to fund the Ellington School of Arts where students are inspired to achieve their highest musical capabilities. Duke Ellington is truly a untarnished indeed.CITED PAGEwww.dukeellington.comellingtonwww.pbs.orgwww.redhotjazz.comduke.htmlwww.schirmer.comThe Biographical Dictionary of African Americans

Sales and Inventory Systems Essay Example for Free

Sales and Inventory Systems EssayYakult was introduced to the Philippines in 1978. Its popularity among Filipinos has significantly braggart(a) in the past 33 years. There are cardinal primary(prenominal) companies in the Philippines, the Yakult Philippines interconnected (YPI) and Yakult trade lodge (YMC). Yakult Philippines Incorporated (YPI), an independent come with, is a manufacturer and wholesale retailer of Yakult products from Yakult Honsha Co. LTD Japan with a common venture and shares of investment of 60% for Filipinos and 40% for the Japanese investors.The factory is located in Barrio Makiling, Calamba, Laguna. They have twenty-five distributors from Luzon to Mindanao, supplying the whole country especially wholesale clients. The Yakult Marketing fraternity (YMC) retails their products and incorporates the Yakult Lady System that started in Metro Manila and NCR, and then adapted by distributors all over the country. The Prohealth Sales Distributor Corporatio n which is the exclusive Yakult distributor in La Union started its operation in March 15, 2004.The Company orders its stocks from the Yakult Philippines Incorporated (YPI) and also adapted the Yakult Lady system of the Yakult Marketing Corporation (YMC). There are three branches in La Union and the Main Office is located in Bauang, La Union. The other branches are in Agoo which started in 2005 and Bangar that recently opened last 2011. The Main office receives the stocks ordered from YPI, and then distributes it to the other two branches.For the wholesale, the main office sells the product to all establishments that intend to resell the product. They deliver the products depending on the order or demand of the client. Every day, the main office deliver stocks to the Yakult Ladies, some just go directly to the main office to pay the stocks unpaid so that they can order again. There is an official receipt issued by the main office to the Yakult Ladies that is being manually recorded in order to make the daily gross revenue and collection report at the end of the day.Making the sales report for the Yakult Ladies is a part of the motivational factor, for them to know how much they profit or loss of income and why their sales are going down. It pull up stakes also become the basis of the company for how much promotional support they will give on the month of December in terms of gifts and other benefits. All the three branches make the daily sales report, the branch in Agoo and Bangar upload and send its reports in the main office in order to be compiled in the Main office. The sales report is made by the companys secretary, and then well checked y the supervisor. The computation of the sales report is made in order to compute the sales and profit of the company. The archive count of stocks must tally onto the sales report in order for the company to monitor the number of stocks distributed day by day. If the sales report and inventory count did not tally, th en the processes must be repeated until they meet tally. Hence, the study was proposed to help the processes in Prohealth Distributor Sales Corporation easier, faster and to refrain from human error.Due to growing number of employees, the sale monitoring system if make manually was a lot to handle and time consuming. They need a computerized sales monitoring and inventory system that will make the computation tasks faster. Aside from its accuracy, the proposed system also aims to enhance and provide a better way to store information in a secured manner. The study will be implement first in the Main Office of the Prohealth Sales Distributor Corporation La Union in order to pilot test the system software being proposed.

A sociological perspective Essay Example for Free

A sociological perspective EssayThe term inner city keep refers to the system of life of those people, who ar underclass, cut off from the regular city life. Yet the elemental building blocks of their lives-work, family, community all exists, provided in corrupted forms. A sociological perspective Inner city residents are underpaid socially disorganised, where no one trusts the other and each has to struggle for existence in highly unfavourable conditions. The most slender way to explain inner city life in sociological terms is to consider 1. transgression The absence of right means of existence leads to the demolition of the laws of the community and every member lives by preying on his fellow citizens. 2. Illegality Due to the absence of proper family values, and absence of fathers in many cases, the young ones tend to elicit up devoid of any values and ethics, unready to take the responsibilities of life and family which they baffle to undertake at a young age. In othe r words, they are improperly socialised. Moreover, financial, emotional and intellectual deficits aggravate the situation. 3.Schooling A teacher has a significant contribution is shaping the lives of children. However teachers in inner city life differ from that of the city teachers on various grounds, teaching experience, certification and involvement with the students. In the inner cities on that point is a dearth of teachers leading to the appointment of less qualified teachers. The more a teacher spends cartridge holder with her students, the more are they motivated to come up in life? Not only that, proper cooperation of the teachers help children gain confidence, getting a better idea about life.However, lack of cooperation from the teachers leads to a grit of helplessness among the students and leads them to question their own capabilities. 4. Community influence apart from school, the time a child spends in his community also shapes his personality. Increased prevalence of poverty, exposure to violence and absence of parents at home leads a child to spend most of his after school time in his community. Absence of structured programs or opportunities is reasons enough for the children to go astray.For example, a black family living in a white dominated reach has to face sneers and remarks against their race, which has a negative impact on the children. An economic perspective The most important reasons which imprint youths in inner city are 1. Lower socio economic status social disadvantage is associated with change magnitude stress among adults throughout the socioeconomic gradient. One of the foremost reasons for this is the stressful working conditions of the youth. some of the times, they are make to work under extreme conditions.They are made to do menial jobs and are highly underpaid. Most of the times they are unable to provide for themselves the bare necessities of life. Indulging in criminal activities thus becomes an provable option. 2. Poverty this is one condition of existence which hampers their growth. Living in poverty can lead to a deficiency in food, clothing, shelter which all people need to fulfil their growth needs. Poverty is the of import source of stress, strain, anxiety and frustration among children which need to be overcome.In absence of the basic needs of existence, children a lot tend to move towards criminal activities. A psychological perspective Social disadvantage is related to increase stress among inner city circles. One explanation for this is that as one goes down the socioeconomic order, they have fewer psychological resources to meet this stress because of such challenging circumstances. Because these are abilities and resources those individuals draw upon while stressed, to hold up the threats from the environment.According to Gallo and Mathews, the relative lack of resources is main(prenominal)ly due(p) to depletion, with lack of replenishment of the existing resources and also due to a continuous interruption in the process of development. Economic instability, racism, adequate coping methods, negatively affects the psychological science of the people mainly the youth. This is actually the critical period of development in which definite behavioural and psychological patterns are formed which exists throughout. This is termed as reserve capacity Psychological and Environmental perspectives are the two main categories in this field.The first emphasises on objective events and conditions, associated with effective adaptive demands, while the latter focuses on individuals inwrought evaluation of oneself and ones abilities to cope with the demands. It stresses that stressors are environmental events or conditions that impose stress on individuals and stress is a persons appraisal to these conditions as taxing or threatening to their psychological makeup. Among the youth, this stress is subject to their level of optimism, adequacy of coping styles, personali ty traits and other factors.

Paraphrasing the Poem entitled “My Last Dutchess” Essay Example for Free

Paraphrasing the Poem entitled My Last Dutchess EssayLook into the wall so that you may see the last of my beloved woman with gleeWondering why upon looking at it comes lively for it is made intensively out of love.Everyday the painter worked expansively as he watched my woman to a pause.Asking for the painter to take a look at my girl and create a picture show of her.On the painters face, I can see that he is mesmerized by her.I believe in the capacity of the painter a well k straight offn artist. In my eyes I picture you so differently and other would say,If it is her true beauty and I reply, it is.So other now always looks unto her face.Not only had I told the painter that made the woman blushed.I remember afterward she was painted, she made a wonderful look and say Thank you.It is her smile the smile that nurtures my being since thence until now.But the vestige is her daughter my daughter.I need to start all over again for it was the helping of life.Recollecting the s urroundings as what the painter created in my womans background,Her beauty cast me away, like an Innsbruck in bronze for me.ReferenceBrowning, R. (1842). My Last Dutchess. Retrieved 26 March 2008. http//wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/680/696357/student_library/pdf/browning.pdf

Themes, Motifs and Symbols for the Twelfth Night Essay Example for Free

Themes, Motifs and Symbols for the ordinal shadow EssayTwelfth Night is a romantic comedy, and romantic recognize is the suffers main focus. Despite the fact that the make for offers a happy ending, in which the various lambrs find one another and achieve wedded bliss, Shakespe atomic number 18 shows that love can cause pain. Many of the characters seem to view love as a kind of curse, a feeling that attacks its victims suddenly and disruptively. Various characters claim to suffer painfully from organism in love, or, rather, from the pangs of unrequited love. At one usher, Orsino depicts love dolefully as an appetite that he wants to satisfy and cannot, at another point he calls his desires fell and cruel hounds. Olivia more bluntly describes love as a plague from which she suffers terribly. These metaphors manipulate an element of violence, further painting the love-struck as victims of some random force in the universe. Even the little melodramatic Viola sighs unhap pily that My state is desperate for my masters love. This desperation has the potential to terminus in violencewhen Orsino threatens to kill Cesario because he thinks that Cesario has forsaken him to become Olivias lover.Love is also exclusionary some pot achieve romantic happiness, while others do not. At the end of the play, as the happy lovers rejoice, both Malvolio and Antonio are prevented from having the objects of their desire. Malvolio, who has pursued Olivia, must ultimately face the realization that he is a fool, socially unworthy of his baronial mistress. Antonio is in a more difficult role, as social norms do not allow for the pleasure of his apparently familiar attraction to Sebastian. Love, thus, cannot conquer all obstacles, and those whose desires go unful fill up remain no slight in love except feel the sting of its absence all the more severely.The Uncertainty of sexuality Gender is one of the most obvious and much-discussed topics in the play. Twelfth Nig ht is one of Shakespeares alleged(prenominal) transvestite comedies, in which a fe manly characterin this case, Violadisguises herself as a man. This situation draws a sexual mess Viola falls in love with Orsino but cannot tell him, because he thinks she is a man, while Olivia, the object of Orsinos affection, falls for Viola in her guise as Cesario. thither is a clear homoerotic subtext here Olivia is in love with a woman, even if she thinks he is a man, and Orsino muchen remarks on Cesarios beauty, suggesting that he is attracted to Viola even before her priapic disguise is removed. This latent homoeroticism finds an explicit echo in the minor character of Antonio, who is clearly in love with his male friend, Sebastian. But Antonios desires cannot be satisfied, while Orsino and Olivia both find tidy heterosexual gratification erst the sexual ambiguities and deceptions are straightened out.Yet, even at the plays close, Shakespeare leaves things somewhat murky, especially in the Orsino-Viola relationship. Orsinos declaration of love to Viola suggests that he enjoys prolonging the pretence of Violas masculinity. Even after he knows that Viola is a woman, Orsino says to her, Boy, thou hast said to me a thousand propagation / Thou never shouldst love woman like to me. Similarly, in his last lines, Orsino declares, Cesario, come / For so you shall be while you are a man / But when in other habits you are seen, / Orsinos mistress, and his fancys queen. Even erstwhile everything is revealed, Orsino continues to address Viola by her male name. We can thus only wonder whether Orsino is truly in love with Viola, or if he is more enamoured of her male persona.The Folly of Ambition The problem of social ambitiousness works itself out largely through the character of Malvolio, the steward, who seems to be a competent servant, if prudish and dour, but proves to be, in fact, a supreme egotist, with tremendous ambitions to rise out of his social class. Maria plays on these ambitions when she forges a earn from Olivia that makes Malvolio believe that Olivia is in love with him and wishes to marry him. Sir Toby and the others find this fantasy hysterically funny, of physiquenot only because of Malvolios unattractive personality but also because Malvolio is not of noble blood. In the class system of Shakespeares time, a noblewoman would generally not sully her reputation by marrying a man of lower social status.Yet the atmosphere of the play may render Malvolios aspirations less unreason open than they initially seem. The feast of Twelfth Night, from which the play takes its name, was a time when social hierarchies were turn upside down. That same spirit is alive in Illyria indeed, Malvolios antagonist, Maria, is able to increase her social standing(a) by marrying Sir Toby. But it seems that Marias success may be due to her willingness to accept and sanction the anarchy that Sir Toby and the others embrace. This Twelfth Night spirit, then, seem s to pass by Malvolio, who doesnt wholeheartedly embrace the upend of order and decorum but rather wants to blur class lines for himself alone.MotifsLetters, Messages, and Tokens Twelfth Night features a immense variety of messages sent from one character to anothersometimes as letters and other times in the form of tokens. Such messages are used both for purposes of communication and miscommunicationsometimes deliberate and sometimes accidental. Marias letter to Malvolio, which purports to be from Olivia, is a deliberate (and successful) attempt to trick the steward. Sir Andrews letter demanding a duel with Cesario, meanwhile, is meant seriously, but because it is so appallingly stupid, Sir Toby does not deliver it, rendering it extraneous. Malvolios missive, sent by way of Feste from the sin elbow room in which he is imprisoned, ultimately works to expose the confusion caused by Marias forged letter and to free Malvolio from his imprisonment.But letters are not the only kind of messages that characters employ to communicate with one another. Individuals can be employed in the place of written communicationOrsino repeatedly sends Cesario, for instance, to deliver messages to Olivia. Objects can function as messages between raft as well Olivia sends Malvolio after Cesario with a ring, to tell the page that she loves him, and follows the ring up with further gifts, which symbolise her romantic attachment. Messages can convey important information, but they also create the potential for miscommunication and confusionespecially with characters like Maria and Sir Toby manipulating the information.Madness No one is truly insane in Twelfth Night, yet a number of characters are accused of being mad, and a current of insanity or zaniness runs through the action of the play. After Sir Toby and Maria dupe Malvolio into believing that Olivia loves him, Malvolio behaves so bizarrely that he is assumed to be mad and is locked away in a dark room. Malvolio himself k nows that he is sane, and he accuses everyone around him of being mad. Meanwhile, when Antonio encounters Viola (disguised as Cesario), he mistakes her for Sebastian, and his angry insistence that she recognize him leads people to assume that he is mad. wholly of these incidents feed into the general atmosphere of the play, in which normal life is thrown topsy-turvy, and everyone must confront a reality that is somehow fractured.Disguises Many characters in Twelfth Night assume disguises, beginning with Viola, who puts on male attire and makes everyone else believe that she is a man. By dressing his protagonist in male garments, Shakespeare creates endless sexual confusion with the Olivia-ViolaOrsino love triangle. Other characters in disguise include Malvolio, who puts on crossed garters and yellow stockings in the hope of winning Olivia, and Feste, who dresses up as a priestSir Topaswhen he speaks to Malvolio after the steward has been locked in a dark room. Feste puts on the dis guise even though Malvolio will not be able to see him, since the room is so dark, suggesting that the importance of clothe is not just in the eye of the beholder. For Feste, the disguise completes his assumption of a new identityin order to be Sir Topas, he must disembodied spirit like Sir Topas. Viola puts on new clothes and changes her gender, while Feste and Malvolio put on new garments either to impersonate a nobleman (Feste) or in the hopes of becoming a nobleman (Malvolio). Through these disguises, the play raises questions about what makes us who we are, compelling the audience to wonder if things like gender and class are tempered in stone, or if they can be altered with a change of clothing.Mistaken Identity The instances of anomalous identity are related to the prevalence of disguises in the play, as Violas male clothing leads to her being mistaken for her brother, Sebastian, and vice versa. Sebastian is mistaken for Viola (or rather, Cesario) by Sir Toby and Sir And rew, and then by Olivia, who cursorily marries him. Meanwhile, Antonio mistakes Viola for Sebastian, and thinks that his friend has betrayed him when Viola claims to not know him. These cases of mistaken identity, common in Shakespeares comedies, create the tangled situation that can be resolved only when Viola and Sebastian appear together, helping everyone to understand what has happened.SymbolsOlivias Gifts When Olivia wants to let Cesario know that she loves him, she sends him a ring by way of Malvolio. Later, when she mistakes Sebastian for Cesario, she gives him a precious pearl. In each case, the jewel serves as a token of her lovea physical symbol of her romantic attachment to a man who is really a woman. The gifts are more than symbols, though. Youth is bought more oft than begged or borrowed, Olivia says at one point, suggesting that the jewels are intended almost as bribesthat she means to buy Cesarios love if she cannot win it.The Darkness of Malvolios Prison When Sir Toby and Maria pretend that Malvolio is mad, they confine him in a pitch-black chamber. Darkness becomes a symbol of his supposed insanity, as they tell him that the room is filled with light and his inability to see is a sign of his madness. Malvolio reverses the symbolism. I say this house is as dark as ignorance, though ignorance were as dark as hell and I say there was never man thus abused. In other words, the darknessmeaning madnessis not in the room with him, but outside, with Sir Toby and Feste and Maria, who have unjustly imprisoned him.Changes of Clothing Clothes are powerful in Twelfth Night. They can symbolize changes in genderViola puts on male clothes to be taken for a male as well as class distinctions. When Malvolio fantasizes about becoming a nobleman, he imagines the new clothes that he will have. When Feste impersonates Sir Topas, he puts on a noblemans garb, even though Malvolio, whom he is fooling, cannot see him, suggesting that clothes have a power that transc ends their physical function.

Total Quality Management Essay Example for Free

Total fictional character Management EssayQuality has become a significant element among the competitive factors in the operations system. Quality is now recognized as a powerful strategic weapon, enables the organization to continually raise in a global competition.Quality can improve operation management by show the operation management to focus on producing product that is fit for the purpose of the users, based on Jurans observe of quality. The issues of quality is defined by Deming as to produce product that is satisfy to the needs of customers, who plays an essence spot in production system. To meet both of the issues of quality, operation management may employ Quality range Deployment, which is part of the Company Wide Quality Control in Japan under a unyielding Japanese Industrial Standard, and is refer as the voice of the customers used to translate customers expectations in term of peculiar(prenominal) requirements, into instructions on how a product should be developed. Dr Mizuno, the Professor of Tokyo created the QFD system and was first employ in Mitsubishi, Heavy Industries, Ltd, in Kobe Shipyard, Japan in 1972.(Yoji Akao, 1990).

Reading Skills Essay Example for Free

canvassing Skills EssayIntroduction instruction is a complex cognitive parade of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive implication ( tuition comprehension). It is a elbow room of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing development and ideas. wish well all language, it is a complex fundamental interaction between the school schoolbook edition editionual matter edition and the reviewer which is shaped by the commentators prior intimacy, experiences, attitude, and language connection which is culturally and socially situated. The indication do work requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.Readers office a develop form of course session strategies to dish with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension. Readers integrate the rowing they pitch read into their existing exemplar of familiarity or schema. r culminationition is a touch very often determined by what the readers brain and emotions and beliefs bring to the indicant the fill inledge/information (or misinformation) strategies for processing text, moods, fears and joysall of it.The strategies peerless gives take off according to one(a)s purpose, including whether one is recital for oneself only (still the purposes vary) or for somebody else, such as course session to answer comprehension questions, version to perform for listeners (including the teacher and classmates), and much more. Of course these social factors whitethorn generate confidence, fear, anger, defiance, and/or other emotionsit just depends. In sum, drill is both a psycholinguistic process (involving the mind briskly processing the text) and a sociolinguistic one (with multiple social factors that can change how one reads, how much one gleans from the reading, and more).Even word identification itself can be affected by these factors, because reading is as much or more a brain-to-text process as a text- to-brain process. For upstanding readers, the reading process may take only milliseconds. For stupefyning readers the process may be slower, just rewarding, and everyplace fourth dimension will be light automatic. For readers who argon challenged, this process can be tiresome and frustrating. 2 impressiveness of culture Process It is a well- cognise fact that when there were no televisions or computers, reading was a primary leisure activity.People would spend hours reading books and travel to lands far away-in their minds. The only disaster is that, with time, people sire lost their skill and passion to read. There ar many other kindle and thrilling options available, aside from books. And that is a shame because reading offers a productive approach to improving phraseology and word power. It is advisable to indulge in at least half an hour of reading a day to keep abreast of the various rooms of writing and smart vocabulary. It is observed that children and teenage rs who love reading have comparatively higher IQs.They are more creative and do better in school and college. It is recommended that parents to ingrain the importance of reading to their children in the early years. Reading is said to significantly assistant in ontogenesis vocabulary, and reading a rubbishy helps to build a strong emotional bond between parents and children. The children who start reading from an early age are observed to have good language skills, and they grasp the variances in phonics much better. Reading helps in mental development and is be intimaten to stimulate the muscles of the eyes.Reading is an activity that involves greater levels of meanness and adds to the conversational skills of the reader. It is an indulgence that sharpens the companionship acquired, consistently. The habit of reading besides helps readers to decipher new words and phrases that they move up across in everyday conversations. The habit can become a healthy addiction and adds t o the information available on various topics. It helps us to stay in-touch with contemporary writers as well as those from the geezerhood of yore and makes us sensitive to global issues.Fluent reading During the reading process, there is interplay between the readers preexisting noesis and the written guinea pig. Fluent reading is an active process in which the reader ejaculates on experience, language, and prior knowledge to anticipate and understand the references written language. Thus, readers both bring substance to print and take meaning from print. The character of the reading process alters as person matures in reading. In the early stages of reading, word identification requires a readers concentration.Eventually, however, readers are able to use their reading ability (ability to exemplify written language) for pleasure, appreciation, knowledge acquisition, and functional purposes. Thus, reading competence has many faces. Proficient, fluent readers locate materials and ideas that enable them to fulfill particular purposes, which may be to hook up with directions, to complete job applications, or to appreciate Shakespearean plays. In addition, fluent readers adjust their reading style as they apparent motion from narrative to expository content. 3 Three Stages of ReadingIn order to touch your goals regarding flexible and fluent reading, you must look out certain reading behaviors and thus practice them until they become automatic. We call this practicing to the point of automaticity. In this way you will learn to increase your reading rate, maintain your focus and concentration, and enhance your comprehension. Reading process organizes itself most naturally into an examination of three phases * Pre-reading. * Active reading . * Post-reading. * Pre-reading It involves following functions * come almost and quarter the big picture overview skim * Identify the main idea/thesis.* Read headings and sub-headings * Read captions accompanying pi ctures/ art * Active Reading * Think as one reads read for ideas and concepts. * Visualize patterns. * Actively construct meaning. * lodge upcoming information. * Verify the main idea and identify significant degrees. * Consciously add to or veer schema integrating old and new knowledge. * Self-monitor assess ones understanding. * Evaluate comprehension. * Employ fix-up strategies as appropriate. * Post Reading * Evaluate understanding/ comprehension * Evaluate ones reading processing. * Did one choose an appropriate mode?* What changes do one needs to make in his/her reading? * What did one do well that he/she wants to repeat in future reading? 4 Types of Reading avocation are the characters of reading * Scanning type of reading * Skimming type of reading * Light type of reading * Word by word type reading * Reading to study type of reading * Sub-vocalization Scanning Type of Reading This type of reading involves running the eyes over quickly, to get the gist. For example, sc an a telephone book * You are feeling for it quickly. * You know what you are searching for (key words and names).* You take hold of every item on the foliate, simply you dont necessarily read the pages you ignore anything you are not looking for. Thus, when you discover the key words being searched for, you will be unable to recall the exact content of the page Skimming Type of Reading When you read quickly to suck up a general seal as to whether the text is of use to you. You are not necessarily searching for a specific item and key words. Skimming provides an overview of the text. Skimming is useful to look at chapter/section headings, summaries and opening paragraphs.Looking over the text quickly to get a general idea of the content. Your eyes move quite fast, winning in titles of chapters, their beginnings and ends, and the first sentences of paragraphs. The purpose of skimming * To check relevance of text. * Sets the scene for the more concentrated parturiency that is to follow, if the text is useful. Light Type of Reading Reading for leisure scats to be light. For example * Read at a pace which feels comfortable. * Read with understand. * Skim the boring, irrelevant passages. 5 An sightly light reading speed is 100-200 words per minute.This form of reading does not generally require detailed concentration. This is reading reasonably quickly without concentrating too hard or worrying about every single word. We often use it when reading an enjoyable novel. Word by word Type of Reading This type of reading is time consuming and demands a high level of concentration. Some material is not readily understood and so requires a slow and careful analytical read. People use this type of reading for unfamiliar words and concepts, scientific formulae. It can take up to an hour just to read a few lines of text. Reading to Study Type of ReadingA method of reading for with the aim to understand the material in some depth. The method involves five si mple steps Survey, Question, Read, Recall and reappraisal. Study reading involves thinking about what is being read so that it is understood and can be recalled. It needs to be worked at, with time for reflection, thought, analysis, criticism, comparison, notes do, points highlighted and emphasized, arguments followed and measure outd, the strong summarized. * Survey skim by to gain an overview and not key points. * Question devise questions you hope the text will answer.* Read slowly and carefully. * Recall from retention, write down the main points made by the chapter. * Review revisit your questions compare these to your recall and establish how well the text has answered them fill in any gaps by further reading and note-taking. Sub-vocalization This is reading very slowly and methodically, either saying the words out loud or at least with a voice in your head. It is painstaking but very slow. We range to use it when trying out a recipe for the first time, or carrying ou t instructions as to how to assemble something weve bought. 6.Reading Skills Reading involves a crew of skills used simultaneously. Children begin with basic phonics but soon learn blandness and comprehension skills to make their reading experiences meaningful. The main goal of reading understands. If students can guess words but do not understand what they are reading, they are merely reciting word. Some of the authorized reading skills are * decode * Fluency * Comprehension * Critical reading skills Decoding Skills Decoding (also known as Word attack skills) is an early reading skill students learn in kindergarten and first grade.Decoding (sounding out) words are the foundation of reading instruction. Phonics is the method teachers use to instruct students. Letter-naming and recognition is taught on with sign sounds. Children must understand that each earn is represented by a corresponding sound in the beginning they can read text. Once children know sounds, they learn t o blend them into words. This skill, phoneme segmentation, should be practiced daily a tenacious with alphabet and sound fluency until decoding becomes an automatic procedure. Fluency SkillsFluency is the ability to read accurately and expressively succession maintaining a rate of speed that facilitates comprehension. Students learn fluency in a variety of ways. Teachers model fluent reading in the classroom, and students listen to books on CD. Students receive direct instruction in fluency done with(predicate) guided practice using methods like choral and repeated readings. Teachers assess fluency with timed readings that give a score in words read per minute. Students who fall below the average score for their grade level receive additional, individual help. Comprehension SkillsComprehension is the ability to understand what has been read. Comprehending involves strategies that students learn to use when reading independently. Teachers focus on several key comprehension skill s. These are inferring, predicting, comparing and contrasting, sequencing and summarizing. Students usually learn how to use these strategies in a small group guided by the teacher who demonstrates their use. Students then practice comprehension techniques with a partner by discussing what they read, making connections with prior knowledge and identifying the main ideas in the story. 7 Critical Reading SkillsCritical reading skills are the ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize what one reads. They are the ability to see relationships of ideas and use them as an aid in reading. As readers make sense of what they read, they use various relationships of ideas to aid recognition and fluency. Critical reading as a goal includes the ability to evaluate ideas socially or politically. 8 Reading Strategies Reading is not just pronouncing wordsit requires understanding. Most see readers use a variety of strategies to understand texts. Reading strategies are used many times rapidly, in unison with one another.Therefore, most reading strategies are evident before, during, and after reading, although not necessarily with the kindred emphasis. Some of the reading strategies are * Predicting * Connecting * Inferring * Synthesizing * Visualizing * Self-Questioning * Skimming * Scanning * Determining Importance * Summarizing/Paraphrasing * Re-reading * Reading On * Adjusting Reading Rate * Sounding Out * Chunking * Using Analogy * Consulting elongation The following descriptions of each dodge give some indication of when in the reading process they are generally employed.Different texts and several(predicate) settings require readers to use varied reading strategies at different times. For example, synthesizing is used during and after reading while scanning is typically used before close reading. Here are the major reading strategies associated with the process of reading * Predicting Predicting helps readers to activate their prior knowledge about a topic, beg inning the process of combining what they know with new material in the text. Predictions are not merely wild guesses, they are based on clues within the text such as pictures, illustrations, subtitles, and 9plot.Clues for predictions will also come from readers prior knowledge about the author, text form, or content. Readers can be encouraged to make personalised predictions before and during reading. During reading, in force(p) readers adjust and refine their earlier predictions as new information is gathered and new connections are made. They tend to rehearse what they have learned and move on with some expectations of what comes next. * Connecting expeditious readers comprehend text through making strong connections between their prior knowledge and the new information presented in text.The type of connections made by cost-effective readers can be categorized into * Text-to-Self Connections Involves readers thinking about their life and connecting their own personal experien ces to the information in the text. * Text-to-Text Connections Involves readers thinking about other texts written by the same author or with common themes, style, organization, structure, characters or content. * Text-to-World Connections Involves readers thinking about what they know about the world outside their personal experience, their family, or their community * InferringEfficient readers take information from a text and add their own ideas to make inferences. During the process of inferring, readers make predictions, draw conclusions, and make judgments to create a unique interpretation of a text. Making inferences allows students to move beyond the literal text and to make assumptions about what is not precisely stated in the text. Efficient readers also can infer the meaning of unknown words using context clues, pictures, or diagrams. * Synthesizing When comprehending text, efficient readers use synthesizing to bring unitedly information within a text.Synthesizing involv es readers piecing information together, like putting together a jigsaw. This activity encourages them to keep track of what is happening in the text. During the process of synthesizing, readers may be connecting, inferring, determine importance, posing questions, and creating images. * Visualizing Efficient readers use all five senses to create images continually as they read text. The created images are based on their prior knowledge. Sensory images created by readers 10 help them to draw conclusions, make predictions, interpret information, remember detail, and assist with overall comprehension.Images may be visual, auditory, olfactory, kinesthetic, or emotional. * Self-Questioning Self-questioning is the strategy effective readers use to draw on existing knowledge, to investigate a text as it is read, to analyse the beliefs and motives behind the authors surface meaning, and to monitor comprehension. Whether posed in-head, sub-vocalized or noted in writing, self-questioning is critical to maintaining connections between existing and new knowledge. Self-formulated questions provide a framework for active reading by directing the readers attending to key information.Efficient readers continually form questions in their minds before, during, and after reading to assist in comprehending text. practically these questions are formed spontaneously and naturally, with one question leading to the next. Questions may relate to the content, style, structure, important messages, events, actions, inferences, predictions, authors purpose, or may be an attempt to clarify meaning. Self-formulated questions provide a framework for active reading, engaging readers in the text as they go in search of answers. * SkimmingSkimming is glancing through material to gain a general postage or overview of the content. It involves passing over much of the detail to get the gist of a text. Skimming is the most common strategy used by a reader to assess quickly whether a text is go ing to meet his or her purpose. Effective skimming lets a reader know in general footing how difficult a text is, how long it is, how it is structured, and where the most useful information can be found. Effective skimming strategies are critical for adolescents due to the volume of electronic text they read.Websites, CD ROMs, and multimedia texts are designed for, and subject to rapid reading practices where the reader gets the gist from sub-headings and key points, determines difficulty and usefulness, and assesses the content flow. Skimming is often used before reading to assess quickly whether a text is going to meet a purpose determine what is to be read determine whats important and what may not be relevant review text organization activate prior knowledge. * Scanning Scanning involves glancing through material to locate specific details such as names, dates, places, or some particular content.For instance, readers might scan a contents page or index to find the page nu mber of a specific topic. They may scan a dictionary or telephone book in search of a particular word or name, or they may scan as they re-read 11 a text to substantiate particular responses. Like skimming, scanning is particularly important for comprehending selected parts of websites, CD ROMs, and multimedia texts. Readers may also scan a text looking for picture clues that may help them to identify any unknown words. * Determining Importance Efficient readers constantly ask themselves what is most important or what the main idea is of what they are reading.They put on from understanding how to determine the important information, particularly in informational texts. Factors such as purpose for reading, knowledge of topic, prior experiences, beliefs, and understanding of text organization help readers to identify important information in a text * Summarizing/Paraphrasing Linked closely to the strategy of determining importance, summarizing/paraphrasing is the process of identifyi ng, recording, and writing the most important information from a text into ones own words. The ability to reduce a larger piece of text to its most important messages isdone through summarizing. The re-statement of the text is referred to as paraphrasing. Summarizing/paraphrasing involves using key words and phrases to pay back the general gist of a text. * Re-Reading Efficient readers understand the benefits of re-reading whole texts or parts of texts to clarify or enhance meaning. Reading or hearing a text more than once benefits all readers, allowing them to gain a deeper understanding of the text. Re-reading can also be used as a word-identification strategy. Efficient readers sometimes re-read to work out the meaning of difficult words using context clues.The opportunity to re-read a text also helps to improve fluency * Reading On When readers cannot decode an unfamiliar word within a text, they can make use of the Reading On strategy. Skipping the unfamiliar word and reading on to the end of the sentence or the next two or three sentences often provides the reader with sufficient context clues to help determine the unknown word. Once the unknown word has been determined it is important for students to re-read that section of text. Reading On also refers to continuing to read in an attempt to clarify meaning that may have been lost.* Adjusting Reading Rate It is important that students give themselves permission to adjust their reading rate and to recognize when this may be necessary. The purpose for reading will often dictate the 12 most appropriate rate. Readers may slowdown to understand new information, to clarify meaning, to create sensory images, or to ask questions. Readers may also speed up when scanning for key words or skimming to get an overall impression of a text. * Sounding Out When adolescents meet new and unfamiliar words, they will use their knowledge of letter/sound relationships to identify them. * ChunkingAs readers encounter greater numbers of multi-syllabic words, it is important to encourage students to sound words into units larger than individual phonemes or single sounds (/b/). Readers might chunk words by pronouncing word parts such as onset and rime (spr-ing), letter combinations (ough), syllables, or parts of the word known as morphemes which carry meaning (ed, ing). * Using Analogy When readers manipulate or think about words they know in order to identify unknown words, they are using analogy. They transfer what they know about familiar words to help them identify unfamiliar words.When using analogy, students will transfer their knowledge of common letter sequences, onset and rimes, base words, word parts that carry meaning, or whole words. * Consulting Reference The use of word-identification strategies such as sounding out or chunking may unlock both the pronunciation and meaning of words. However, if the word is not in a readers meaning vocabulary, the reader may not be able to understand the mean ing of the word. Consulting a reference is an additional strategy that supports students to unlock word meaning.Being taught how to use a dictionary, thesaurus, reference chart, or glossary will help students locate the meanings, pronunciations, or derivations of unfamiliar words. 13 Conclusion As the discussed topics demonstrate, the process of reading for meaning has bottom-line commonalities. Among these, peradventure oddly, is that at any given moment, one cannot reliably predict what a reader will do next. Eric Paulson (2005) has drawn an analogy between eye movements and the weather, both of which can be described in terms of chaos theory in physics, he argues, but neither of which is exactly predictable.And he writes When looked at through the lens of chaos theory, reading is clearly not a process of plodding along the text at some regular, predetermined rate but is instead a process that ebbs and flows (p. 355).We set our purposes (or not), begin to read, perhaps question w hat we are reading, peradventure return and reread, sometimes read ahead, go back again, maybe skim or skip some, occasionally decide not to finish reading whatever it is, maybe go ahead and read at least the headings (of an informational selection) and the conclusion, orthe final chapter or page (if a novel or short story)all the while using strategies that are universal among proficient readers, but uniquely applied.Metaphorically, during any reading event, reading ebbs and flows, like waves. We might think of waves crashing upon the beach as meaning achieved (and perhaps examined critically), the end product of reading a stretch of text. But with such achievement, the reader is simultaneously and near simultaneously processing other parts or aspects of text and the ideas in ways that are unpredictable at the micro level.This is akin to what we often see on a beach different waves, and different aspects of the reading process, forming, swelling, cresting, crashing, and ebbing. W hile one part of the reading process and event crashes and ebbswith something processed into short- or even long-term memory, perhapsother facets of the process are just beginning again, increasing, coming to a head, collapsing into memory (or not), and receding from the readers immediate attention.Yes, while I often speak of the reading process, as if this cognitive and constructive process were totally uniform, during any given reading event, whoever the Although, reading means different things to different people and skills vary with every individual, reading is a skill that can be improved. Students from various backgrounds are in reading courses for a variety of reasons. Weaknesses in vocabulary, comprehension, speed, or a combination of all three may be the result of ineffective reading habits. Active reading is act reading and can be achieved through comprehension regulation strategies.We should never take reading for granted, for many, these skills come slowly and with a gr eat deal of difficulty. It is important to use a multi-sensory approach whenever possible, some memory training, tap into previous knowledge before moving forward and make it meaningful. 14 References * http//en. wikipedia. org * http//www. heinemann. com * http//www. palomar. edu * http//ababasoft. com * http//www. scribd. com * http//www. sil. org * http//www. ehow. com * http//www. stepspd. com * http//www. palomar. edu.